Participatory learning is followed by the provision of reading facilities for residents to learn very diverse ranging from a book containing an introduction letter, arranging the letters into words, stringing words into sentences until the story became a book supporting the smooth operation of the learning factor. In addition, as a means of sustainability learning to learn is raised media newspapers citizen mother, the newspaper media that contains the discussion around women's daily lives in particular. The hope, the presence of Newspapers mother became a means to channel the activities of reading and writing practice residents learn ie to pour ideas through writings such as recipes, stories and humor. Encouraging response from the newspaper this mother, the spirit and motivation of citizens to learn preserved because conditioned media of participation opportunities in writing.
Thus, is true that more contextual learning model with the advanced mission to borrow a phrase participatory when Paulo Freire, 'people must also be made aware to dare to act and change their situation .. this is called' konsientisasi (awareness )'... Looking ahead, appearance more learning activities that promote the mission of learning is especially important for those engaged in educating the community spirit of success for education ..
EXPRESSION OF IDENTITY IN THE MUSLIM CLOTHING CONSUMPTION
Consumption of Muslim fashion show of one's social differentiation in society. Previously, if you see more about the meaning of clothing, Idi Subandi in Barnard (2009) stated that one of the entire range of marking the most obvious outward appearance that her people put themselves apart from the others and subsequently identified a particular group. It is also shown by the Muslim fashion that can have specific meaning to express opposition to a particular regime or reflects membership in the Islamic movement. Another view of the critical tone of Fatima Mernissi assume that Moslem living in the Islamic world is considered as the control of a patriarchal ideology where if there is a woman who tried to take off her veil or want some men are always held up religion as a tool pembenarnya.
This opinion is if dikontekskan with Indonesia would not be separated from the long history of application of the headscarf as part of the Moslem clothes to wear in public. Beginning in the 1990s by Idi Subandy (2009) served as starting point jilbabisasi in Indonesia that began to spread to upper middle class who then made the Moslem clothes become trendy and wear the veil began to reach a certain prestige that communicates a desire to be pious and well into modern Muslim . It is this last statement that indicates a person's identification (representation) on Muslim clothing to distinguish one's identity and quality.
From the above shows that the popularization of Islamic dress is influenced by political circumstances, social, and economic. Another explanation in Sian Powell's article (2003), he writes that since the popularization of Islamic fashion and the process of westernization occur together in Indonesia, then the mode becomes a very important element of dress, and at this time if the scarf regarded as a person who bermode. Therefore, there are many women in Indonesia's new veiled. Next Sian Powell explains that the veil is no longer a symbol of worship, but a symbol of people who bermode only. That is, if veiled, a man who dressed in accordance with the latest fashion. Hijab does not have a relationship with religious devotion, because anyone can be covered and most are more worried how she looks when veiled than the value of his religious observance. From the article reflects the common opinion on popular culture is that if there is something (in this case, the Islamic dress code) are popular in which the significance / meaning of religion has been lost, or better known as Mass Culture or Ideology (The Ideology of Mass Culture.)
Furthermore Moslem consumption process as a trend or a fashion study has been carried out by Barthes (in Faruk, 2010) which distinguishes fashion clothing / fashion in the three systems are used in fashion clothing or clothing that real, fashion clothes that are represented visually or imaged , and fashion clothing that represented either verbally or written. The three systems that fashion, he says, is different both in terms of substance as well as his relations. The substance of the first system is the action, the second form, the third word. Structure fashion used to be technologically with the units that form the traces of actions are made, the goals dimaterialisasikan and met, such as sewing, cutting, and so forth. The pattern of relations in clothing system that is spatially imaged, whereas in the clothing system is said to be logical or at least syntactic. System of a second clothing associated with photography, while the third one with the language, although not fully comply with the rules of the language. The two systems that both tend to always refer to the first. The relationship with the first one is the relationship of transformation or translation. This opinion is when dikontekskan with Muslim fashion ads that give clear fashion choices have implications on the formation of social identity and categorization is reflected in the clothing worn by a person. In particular explanation of this identity is described by Barker (2009:173-174), namely the concept of identity is closely related to the concept of subjectivity. Subjectivity refers more to the condition of being a person and the process by which we become a person or how we formed as a subject. Although later he distinguished identity is a conception which is believed to someone about themselves while the expectations and opinions of others form a social identity. Other explanations that identity is expressed through various forms of representation that can be recognized by others and oneself. In other words the identity associated with similarities and differences, with personal and social aspects and with other forms of representation. If this opinion be seen from the aspect of the use or consumption of Muslim fashion shows the relationship between identity formation that represent one's social role or position.
This opinion is if dikontekskan with Indonesia would not be separated from the long history of application of the headscarf as part of the Moslem clothes to wear in public. Beginning in the 1990s by Idi Subandy (2009) served as starting point jilbabisasi in Indonesia that began to spread to upper middle class who then made the Moslem clothes become trendy and wear the veil began to reach a certain prestige that communicates a desire to be pious and well into modern Muslim . It is this last statement that indicates a person's identification (representation) on Muslim clothing to distinguish one's identity and quality.
From the above shows that the popularization of Islamic dress is influenced by political circumstances, social, and economic. Another explanation in Sian Powell's article (2003), he writes that since the popularization of Islamic fashion and the process of westernization occur together in Indonesia, then the mode becomes a very important element of dress, and at this time if the scarf regarded as a person who bermode. Therefore, there are many women in Indonesia's new veiled. Next Sian Powell explains that the veil is no longer a symbol of worship, but a symbol of people who bermode only. That is, if veiled, a man who dressed in accordance with the latest fashion. Hijab does not have a relationship with religious devotion, because anyone can be covered and most are more worried how she looks when veiled than the value of his religious observance. From the article reflects the common opinion on popular culture is that if there is something (in this case, the Islamic dress code) are popular in which the significance / meaning of religion has been lost, or better known as Mass Culture or Ideology (The Ideology of Mass Culture.)
Furthermore Moslem consumption process as a trend or a fashion study has been carried out by Barthes (in Faruk, 2010) which distinguishes fashion clothing / fashion in the three systems are used in fashion clothing or clothing that real, fashion clothes that are represented visually or imaged , and fashion clothing that represented either verbally or written. The three systems that fashion, he says, is different both in terms of substance as well as his relations. The substance of the first system is the action, the second form, the third word. Structure fashion used to be technologically with the units that form the traces of actions are made, the goals dimaterialisasikan and met, such as sewing, cutting, and so forth. The pattern of relations in clothing system that is spatially imaged, whereas in the clothing system is said to be logical or at least syntactic. System of a second clothing associated with photography, while the third one with the language, although not fully comply with the rules of the language. The two systems that both tend to always refer to the first. The relationship with the first one is the relationship of transformation or translation. This opinion is when dikontekskan with Muslim fashion ads that give clear fashion choices have implications on the formation of social identity and categorization is reflected in the clothing worn by a person. In particular explanation of this identity is described by Barker (2009:173-174), namely the concept of identity is closely related to the concept of subjectivity. Subjectivity refers more to the condition of being a person and the process by which we become a person or how we formed as a subject. Although later he distinguished identity is a conception which is believed to someone about themselves while the expectations and opinions of others form a social identity. Other explanations that identity is expressed through various forms of representation that can be recognized by others and oneself. In other words the identity associated with similarities and differences, with personal and social aspects and with other forms of representation. If this opinion be seen from the aspect of the use or consumption of Muslim fashion shows the relationship between identity formation that represent one's social role or position.
Integrasi sosial
Social integration is a process of adjustment of different elements in society into one unit. Different elements include differences in social status, race, ethnicity, religion, language, values and norms. Terms of social integration, among others:
* Members of the public felt that they had each other to fill their needs
* Society has created a collective agreement on social norms and values preserved and used as guidelines
* The values and norms apply old and has not changed and executed consistently
International integration is a problem experienced by all countries in the world, which is different is the form of problems it faces. Facing the problem of integrity does not really have a definite lock for the background of different problems, so the integration is completed in accordance with the conditions of the country concerned, may by way of violence or a softer political strategy. Some issues of international integration, among others:
1. ideological differences
2. conditions of a pluralistic society
3. territorial problem that is pretty remote area
4. growth of political parties
As for the efforts made to reduce or eliminate disparities, among others:
* Strengthen confidence in all citizens of the State of Indonesia on National Ideology
* Open the isolation between the various ethnic groups and among regions / islands by building communication advice, information, and transformation
* Explore the local culture to become a national culture
* Establish a network of ethnic assimilation for either native or of foreign descent
* Members of the public felt that they had each other to fill their needs
* Society has created a collective agreement on social norms and values preserved and used as guidelines
* The values and norms apply old and has not changed and executed consistently
International integration is a problem experienced by all countries in the world, which is different is the form of problems it faces. Facing the problem of integrity does not really have a definite lock for the background of different problems, so the integration is completed in accordance with the conditions of the country concerned, may by way of violence or a softer political strategy. Some issues of international integration, among others:
1. ideological differences
2. conditions of a pluralistic society
3. territorial problem that is pretty remote area
4. growth of political parties
As for the efforts made to reduce or eliminate disparities, among others:
* Strengthen confidence in all citizens of the State of Indonesia on National Ideology
* Open the isolation between the various ethnic groups and among regions / islands by building communication advice, information, and transformation
* Explore the local culture to become a national culture
* Establish a network of ethnic assimilation for either native or of foreign descent
Conflicts Social and Community integration
A. social conflict
Conflict behavior implies a larger than otherwise imagined people interpret it as a disagreement with the rough. There are three basic elements which is the basic characteristic of a conflict, namely
1. there are two or more units or parts that are involved in the conflict
2. these units have sharp differences in needs, goals, problems, attitudes, and ideas
3. interraksi have delivered the parts that have these differences
Conflict is a behavior that is distinguished by certain emotions that are often associated with hatred or hostility, conflict can occur in the environment a person, group, and community. The way of solving the conflict:
· Elimination: the resignation of one party to the conflict
· Subjugation or Domination: those who have the greatest power to force others to succumb
· Majority Rule: the most votes are determined by voting
Conflict behavior implies a larger than otherwise imagined people interpret it as a disagreement with the rough. There are three basic elements which is the basic characteristic of a conflict, namely
1. there are two or more units or parts that are involved in the conflict
2. these units have sharp differences in needs, goals, problems, attitudes, and ideas
3. interraksi have delivered the parts that have these differences
Conflict is a behavior that is distinguished by certain emotions that are often associated with hatred or hostility, conflict can occur in the environment a person, group, and community. The way of solving the conflict:
· Elimination: the resignation of one party to the conflict
· Subjugation or Domination: those who have the greatest power to force others to succumb
· Majority Rule: the most votes are determined by voting
COMMUNITY RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES
1. Urban Communities, the positive aspects and negative
A. Understanding Society Groups of people who had long been living and working together, so that they can organize themselves to think about themselves in a social unit with certain limits
B. Urban Communities jg often called urban community, characteristics: Less-likely-religious work more fast-life-path -Take care of herself-evident social change-the way rational mind
C. Differences Villages and Cities
the number and density of population
social stratification
patterns of social interaction environment
mode of social life
social solidarity livelihood
social mobility
2. Relations with the City of Villages
a. society are not two different communities b. character of dependence c. In an urban village depending meet food needs d. jg village is the power of certain types of jobs rough pd e. on the contrary, the city produces goods and services requisite village f. increase in population without balanced expansion opportunities resulting density krj g. their group of the unemployed in the village
3. Positive and Negative Aspects
Urban environment containing 5 elements, namely: 1) homestead
2) works
3) clan
4) like
5) improvement
The fifth element is then broken down Dlm planning a particular city in accordance with the demands of a specific requirement for the city the days to come
The formulation of urban development: Birth rate-pressure Pembangunann mill-turn center to the suburbs -Stem urbanization -Establish satellite town where the business is relatively low opening -Improve the function and role of small towns or villages which are all around town -Transmigration for the poor and have no job
4. Rural Communities
A. Understanding Village / Rural A legal entity resident dmn a community self-government
B. Nature and Nature of Rural Communities Org village communities assessed by the city as a society of peace, harmony, cool calm and quiet. And has the properties -Farmers are not conservative,, not stupid, not lazy Properties of villagers living average area of approximately 0.5 ha rice field
C. Cultural Value System of Farmers in Indonesia - Farmer considers his life as a bad thing - They assume that the work is for life org - Pd-oriented present their lack of attention to front ms - They assume that it was not scary jk natural disaster strikes - And to deal with them fairly natural working
D. Elements Village - Area - Population - Shades of life - The element of mutual aid
A. Understanding Society Groups of people who had long been living and working together, so that they can organize themselves to think about themselves in a social unit with certain limits
B. Urban Communities jg often called urban community, characteristics: Less-likely-religious work more fast-life-path -Take care of herself-evident social change-the way rational mind
C. Differences Villages and Cities
the number and density of population
social stratification
patterns of social interaction environment
mode of social life
social solidarity livelihood
social mobility
2. Relations with the City of Villages
a. society are not two different communities b. character of dependence c. In an urban village depending meet food needs d. jg village is the power of certain types of jobs rough pd e. on the contrary, the city produces goods and services requisite village f. increase in population without balanced expansion opportunities resulting density krj g. their group of the unemployed in the village
3. Positive and Negative Aspects
Urban environment containing 5 elements, namely: 1) homestead
2) works
3) clan
4) like
5) improvement
The fifth element is then broken down Dlm planning a particular city in accordance with the demands of a specific requirement for the city the days to come
The formulation of urban development: Birth rate-pressure Pembangunann mill-turn center to the suburbs -Stem urbanization -Establish satellite town where the business is relatively low opening -Improve the function and role of small towns or villages which are all around town -Transmigration for the poor and have no job
4. Rural Communities
A. Understanding Village / Rural A legal entity resident dmn a community self-government
B. Nature and Nature of Rural Communities Org village communities assessed by the city as a society of peace, harmony, cool calm and quiet. And has the properties -Farmers are not conservative,, not stupid, not lazy Properties of villagers living average area of approximately 0.5 ha rice field
C. Cultural Value System of Farmers in Indonesia - Farmer considers his life as a bad thing - They assume that the work is for life org - Pd-oriented present their lack of attention to front ms - They assume that it was not scary jk natural disaster strikes - And to deal with them fairly natural working
D. Elements Village - Area - Population - Shades of life - The element of mutual aid
Youth and Socialization
The young man is a class young man who still require training and development towards the better. youth in Indonesia today is very diverse, especially when associated with educational opportunities. Such diversity is basically not result in differences in coaching and youth development.
The process of life experienced by Indonesian youths every day both within the family, school, and community brings a great influence in fostering the attitude to be able to live in society. This process can be referred to as socialization.
Youth in the sense of the young men, but in Indonesia in connection with the youth development programs and written detailed understanding of youth with certainty. Judging from the age group, the young people of Indonesia are as follows:
Infancy: 0-1 years
Period of the child: 1-12 years
Puber Period: 12 - 15 years
Period of Youth: 15-21 years
Adulthood: 21 years and older
In terms of political ideology, youth are those aged 18 - 30 - 40 years, because it is a candidate for replacement of previous generations. Definition of youth by age and place of the institution and the scope of youth is composed of 3 categories namely:
· Students, aged between 6-18 years old, still attending school
· Students aged between 18 - 25 years beradi in universities and colleges
· Youth outside the school environment and higher education to those who are aged 15-30 years and above.
Youth Socialization
Through the process of socialization, a youth will lead a way of thinking and habits of his life. With the process of socialization, one becomes knowing how he should behave in the midst of society and cultural environment. From the state does not or has not been socialized, being human and civilized society. In this case defined as the process of socialization that helps individuals through learning and adapting, how the search for life and how to think gar group can play a role and function within the group. Socialization is one of the cultural learning process of members of the community and its relationship Degnan social system.
The process of life experienced by Indonesian youths every day both within the family, school, and community brings a great influence in fostering the attitude to be able to live in society. This process can be referred to as socialization.
Youth in the sense of the young men, but in Indonesia in connection with the youth development programs and written detailed understanding of youth with certainty. Judging from the age group, the young people of Indonesia are as follows:
Infancy: 0-1 years
Period of the child: 1-12 years
Puber Period: 12 - 15 years
Period of Youth: 15-21 years
Adulthood: 21 years and older
In terms of political ideology, youth are those aged 18 - 30 - 40 years, because it is a candidate for replacement of previous generations. Definition of youth by age and place of the institution and the scope of youth is composed of 3 categories namely:
· Students, aged between 6-18 years old, still attending school
· Students aged between 18 - 25 years beradi in universities and colleges
· Youth outside the school environment and higher education to those who are aged 15-30 years and above.
Youth Socialization
Through the process of socialization, a youth will lead a way of thinking and habits of his life. With the process of socialization, one becomes knowing how he should behave in the midst of society and cultural environment. From the state does not or has not been socialized, being human and civilized society. In this case defined as the process of socialization that helps individuals through learning and adapting, how the search for life and how to think gar group can play a role and function within the group. Socialization is one of the cultural learning process of members of the community and its relationship Degnan social system.
OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
· Understand and aware of social realities and social problems that exist in society.
Assist the development of insight into the thoughts and personality of the people of Indonesia to gain insight into the broader thinking.
· Indonesian citizen has the attitude and good behavior in society.
· Understanding the minds of experts from other fields of science and can communicate with them.
· sensitive to social problems and responsive to participate in an effort to cope.
Assist the development of insight into the thoughts and personality of the people of Indonesia to gain insight into the broader thinking.
· Indonesian citizen has the attitude and good behavior in society.
· Understanding the minds of experts from other fields of science and can communicate with them.
· sensitive to social problems and responsive to participate in an effort to cope.
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